[Openvpn-devel,v2] Stop state-exhaustion attacks from a single source address.

Message ID 20181207142003.73175-1-gert@greenie.muc.de
State Superseded
Headers show
Series [Openvpn-devel,v2] Stop state-exhaustion attacks from a single source address. | expand

Commit Message

Gert Doering Dec. 7, 2018, 3:20 a.m. UTC
If an attacker sends lots of RESET packets from different source
ports (but the same source address), every packet will create a
new multi_instance, leading to resource waste on the server, and
to lots of reply packets while OpenVPN tries to establish a
TLS handshake.

This can be rate-limited with "connect-freq", but if this is set
too tightly, an attacker can drown out legitimate users of the
same OpenVPN server.

So, when deciding whether or not to create a new instance, iterate
over all existing instances, counting all from the same source IP
(ignoring source port info) that are "in TLS negotiation" state -
if more than <n> instances are already active, refuse new instance.

The cutoff parameter can be configured by a newly introduced 3rd
argument to "connect-freq".  So something like this might be
reasonable for a medium-sized server:

   connect-freq 20 20 3

("permit 20 new connections per 20 seconds, but only 3 from the same
source IP address")

Drawback: if many users are sitting behind a shared NAT ip address
and they all reconnect at the same time, session setup will take
longer for some of the users while the server is still handshaking
with others.

v1:
  this is really a "request for discussion" and needs removal of lots
  of debugging printout.  Also, it needs to be configurable.

v2:
  make it configurable

Signed-off-by: Gert Doering <gert@greenie.muc.de>
---
 src/openvpn/mudp.c    | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/openvpn/options.c |   6 ++-
 src/openvpn/options.h |   1 +
 3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

Patch

diff --git a/src/openvpn/mudp.c b/src/openvpn/mudp.c
index a604d217..ff5eb688 100644
--- a/src/openvpn/mudp.c
+++ b/src/openvpn/mudp.c
@@ -41,6 +41,111 @@ 
 #include <sys/inotify.h>
 #endif
 
+/* compare two mroute_addr, ignoring the port info
+ */
+static inline bool
+mroute_addr_equal_no_port(const struct mroute_addr *a1,
+                          const struct mroute_addr *a2)
+{
+    if (a1->type != a2->type)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (a1->netbits != a2->netbits)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (a1->len != a2->len)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    int len = a1->len;
+    if ( len == 6 || len == 18 )	/* AF_INET or AF_INET6 + Port */
+    {
+	len -= 2;
+    }
+    return memcmp(a1->raw_addr, a2->raw_addr, len) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * allow no more than <n> instances for the same source IP
+ * in "key state not active yet" state - this is almost always a
+ * state exhaustion and/or reflection attack
+ *
+ * real use cases might hit "multiple instances for the same source IP"
+ * if there are multiple users behind the same NAT gateway - but those
+ * will not be in "ks->state < S_START" for more than a few seconds
+ * (so we might see a few false positives if many users behind the same
+ * NAT gateway restart their VPNs at the same time, but TLS handshake
+ * will succeed for one after another, eventually for all)
+ */
+
+
+bool
+dangling_instances_per_source_allowed(struct multi_context *m,
+				      struct mroute_addr *new_source)
+{
+    /* nothing configured -> default = allow all */
+    if ( m->top.options.cf_max_dangling <= 0 )
+    {
+	return true;
+    }
+
+    struct gc_arena gc = gc_new();
+    msg(M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: new_source=%s (len=%d)",
+		mroute_addr_print(new_source, &gc), new_source->len );
+
+    struct hash_iterator hi;
+    struct hash_element *he;
+    int count = 0;
+
+    hash_iterator_init(m->iter, &hi);
+    while ((he = hash_iterator_next(&hi)))
+    {
+	struct multi_instance *mi = (struct multi_instance *) he->value;
+
+	msg(M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: instance: halt=%d real=%s",
+		mi->halt, mroute_addr_print(&mi->real, &gc));
+	if (!mi->halt && mroute_addr_equal_no_port(new_source, &mi->real))
+	{
+	    msg(M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: ip match found!");
+
+	    struct tls_multi * tls_multi = mi->context.c2.tls_multi;
+
+	    for (int i=0; i<TM_SIZE; i++ )
+	    {
+	        msg(M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: session[%d].key[KS_PRIMARY].state=%d",
+		    i, tls_multi->session[i].key[KS_PRIMARY].state );
+	    }
+
+	    /* session not fully established yet?
+	     * (TM_ACTIVE seems to be the one that goes from "2" to "6"
+             * after successful handshake, while TM_UNTRUST sticks to "1")
+             */
+	    struct tls_session *session = &tls_multi->session[TM_ACTIVE];
+	    struct key_state *ks = &session->key[KS_PRIMARY];
+	    if ( ks->state < S_START )
+	    {
+	        msg(M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: dangling session (ks->state=%d)",
+			    ks->state );
+	        count++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    hash_iterator_free(&hi);
+
+    gc_free(&gc);
+
+    msg( M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: count=%d", count );
+    if ( count >= m->top.options.cf_max_dangling )
+    {
+	msg( M_INFO, "MULTI dipsa: too many dangling instances (%d) for this source IP", count );
+	return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * Get a client instance based on real address.  If
  * the instance doesn't exist, create it while
@@ -100,7 +205,8 @@  multi_get_create_instance_udp(struct multi_context *m, bool *floated)
             if (!m->top.c2.tls_auth_standalone
                 || tls_pre_decrypt_lite(m->top.c2.tls_auth_standalone, &m->top.c2.from, &m->top.c2.buf))
             {
-                if (frequency_limit_event_allowed(m->new_connection_limiter))
+                if (frequency_limit_event_allowed(m->new_connection_limiter)
+                    && dangling_instances_per_source_allowed(m, &real) )
                 {
                     mi = multi_create_instance(m, &real);
                     if (mi)
diff --git a/src/openvpn/options.c b/src/openvpn/options.c
index 26f056fc..b8e28df6 100644
--- a/src/openvpn/options.c
+++ b/src/openvpn/options.c
@@ -6644,7 +6644,7 @@  add_option(struct options *options,
         options->real_hash_size = real;
         options->virtual_hash_size = real;
     }
-    else if (streq(p[0], "connect-freq") && p[1] && p[2] && !p[3])
+    else if (streq(p[0], "connect-freq") && p[1] && p[2] && !p[4])
     {
         int cf_max, cf_per;
 
@@ -6658,6 +6658,10 @@  add_option(struct options *options,
         }
         options->cf_max = cf_max;
         options->cf_per = cf_per;
+	if ( p[3] )
+	{
+	    options->cf_max_dangling = atoi(p[3]);
+	}
     }
     else if (streq(p[0], "max-clients") && p[1] && !p[2])
     {
diff --git a/src/openvpn/options.h b/src/openvpn/options.h
index e2b38939..26a78878 100644
--- a/src/openvpn/options.h
+++ b/src/openvpn/options.h
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@  struct options
     bool duplicate_cn;
     int cf_max;
     int cf_per;
+    int cf_max_dangling;
     int max_clients;
     int max_routes_per_client;
     int stale_routes_check_interval;